From the Research
Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is primarily treated with supportive care, focusing on managing symptoms, as it is a viral infection that typically resolves on its own within 7-10 days. Treatment includes over-the-counter pain relievers such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) to reduce fever and alleviate pain from mouth sores, with dosing following package instructions based on age and weight 1. It is essential to avoid aspirin in children due to the risk of Reye's syndrome. Maintaining hydration by offering cold, soothing liquids like water, milk, or ice pops, while avoiding acidic drinks that may irritate mouth sores, is also crucial. Soft, bland foods are recommended as spicy or salty foods can cause discomfort. Salt water rinses (1/2 teaspoon salt in 1 cup warm water) can help relieve mouth pain. Topical oral anesthetics containing benzocaine may provide temporary relief for mouth sores in older children and adults. Rest is important for recovery, and good hygiene practices like handwashing help prevent spreading the virus to others. HFMD is caused by enteroviruses, most commonly coxsackievirus A16 and enterovirus 71, which explains why antibiotics are ineffective and why the body must clear the infection naturally through immune response 1.
Key considerations in managing HFMD include:
- Symptomatic treatment to alleviate pain and fever
- Maintenance of hydration
- Avoidance of irritants like acidic drinks or spicy foods
- Good hygiene practices to prevent spread
- Recognition of the potential for severe complications, particularly in cases caused by enterovirus 71, which may require more intensive medical intervention, including the consideration of intravenous immunoglobulin for severe or complicated cases 1.
Given the self-limited nature of most HFMD cases, the focus remains on supportive care and prevention of complications, with an emphasis on the importance of early recognition and appropriate management to reduce the risk of severe outcomes 2.