From the Guidelines
Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta-9 THC) should be avoided in individuals with seizure disorders as it may potentially trigger seizures in susceptible individuals. The relationship between Delta-9 THC and seizure activity is complex, and the current evidence suggests that THC can alter neuronal excitability in the brain, potentially worsening seizure control 1.
Key Considerations
- Delta-9 THC may trigger seizures in susceptible individuals, making it essential to avoid recreational cannabis products containing this compound if you have a seizure disorder.
- CBD (cannabidiol), another cannabis compound, has shown promise for seizure control and is available as Epidiolex, an FDA-approved medication for certain severe forms of epilepsy at doses of 5-20 mg/kg/day.
- The distinction between Delta-9 THC and CBD is crucial, as CBD appears to have anticonvulsant properties by modulating calcium channels and reducing neuronal hyperexcitability.
Recommendations
- If you have a seizure disorder, consult with a neurologist who specializes in epilepsy to discuss appropriate options, as individual responses can vary significantly based on seizure type, existing medications, and other health factors.
- Avoid using marijuana, including Delta-9 THC, as it may increase anesthetic requirements and inhibit platelet aggregation in vitro, with tetrahydrocannabinol exhibiting a more potent effect 1.
- Consider FDA-approved formulations of CBD, such as Epidiolex, for seizure control under the guidance of a qualified healthcare professional.
From the Research
Relationship Between Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta-9-THC) and Seizure Activity
- The relationship between Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta-9-THC) and seizure activity is complex and has been studied in various research papers 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
- Delta-9-THC is a psychoactive constituent of Cannabis sativa, and its effects on seizure activity have been investigated in preclinical models of epilepsy 2.
- Some studies suggest that Delta-9-THC may have anticonvulsant effects, although its mechanisms of action are not fully understood 5.
- In contrast to cannabidiol (CBD), which has been shown to have significant anticonvulsant effects, Delta-9-THC has been found to have partial agonist activity at the endocannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 5.
- A recent study found that combining low-dose CBD with Delta-9-THC resulted in significant anticonvulsant effects, suggesting a potential synergistic effect between the two compounds 6.
Mechanisms of Action
- The mechanisms of action of Delta-9-THC in relation to seizure activity are not fully understood, but it is thought to involve modulation of neurotransmitter release and inflammation 2.
- Delta-9-THC has been found to bind to other targets, including TRPV1, voltage-gated potassium and sodium channels, and GPR55, which may contribute to its anticonvulsant effects 5.
- A recent study found that CBD exerts its anticonvulsant effects, at least in part, through the 5-HT1A receptor in the neocortex of mice 6.
Clinical Implications
- The use of Delta-9-THC and other cannabinoids in the treatment of epilepsy is still in its early stages, and more research is needed to fully understand their potential benefits and risks 3, 4.
- Clinicians have expressed concerns about the potential risks of using Delta-9-THC in patients with epilepsy, particularly in relation to its psychoactive effects and potential interactions with other medications 3.
- Further studies are needed to determine the optimal dosing and formulation of Delta-9-THC and other cannabinoids for the treatment of epilepsy, as well as their potential interactions with other medications 5, 6.