From the Research
Cradle cap affects approximately 10-70% of infants, typically appearing within the first three months of life and usually resolving spontaneously by 8-12 months of age. This common condition results from overactive sebaceous glands stimulated by maternal hormones that remain in the infant's circulation after birth, as noted in a study published in the Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology 1. These glands produce excess sebum (oil) that causes skin cells to stick together instead of shedding normally, forming yellowish, greasy, scaly patches primarily on the scalp, though it may extend to the face, ears, and neck.
The pathophysiology of cradle cap involves the overproduction of sebum, which can lead to the formation of scales and flakes on the scalp. According to a study published in the Archives of Dermatology, the overall age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of seborrheic dermatitis, which includes cradle cap, was 10.0% in a sample of Australian preschool-aged children 2.
While cradle cap is not painful, itchy, or contagious, treatment involves softening the scales with warm mineral oil or petroleum jelly applied 15-20 minutes before bathing, then gently removing loosened scales with a soft brush or cloth during shampooing with mild baby shampoo. For persistent cases, low-potency topical antifungals like ketoconazole 2% cream or shampoo may be used 2-3 times weekly for up to two weeks, as suggested by a review published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 3. Parents should avoid picking at scales to prevent skin damage and potential infection. Medical attention should be sought if the condition worsens, spreads significantly, becomes red or inflamed, or if the infant develops fever or appears uncomfortable.
Some key points to consider when managing cradle cap include:
- Softening the scales with warm mineral oil or petroleum jelly before bathing
- Gently removing loosened scales with a soft brush or cloth during shampooing with mild baby shampoo
- Avoiding picking at scales to prevent skin damage and potential infection
- Considering low-potency topical antifungals for persistent cases
- Seeking medical attention if the condition worsens or if the infant develops fever or appears uncomfortable.
It's worth noting that the evidence for the effectiveness of various treatments for cradle cap is limited, and further research is needed to determine the best course of treatment, as highlighted by a study published in the Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology 1. However, with proper care and attention, most cases of cradle cap can be managed effectively and resolve on their own within a few months.