Acute Kidney Injury or Nephrotic Syndrome: This condition often leads to fluid retention, causing edema in various parts of the body, including the hands. The gross edema could be indicative of severe fluid overload.

Heart Failure: Right-sided heart failure can cause peripheral edema, including in the hands, due to the backup of fluid.
Liver Cirrhosis: Cirrhosis can lead to hypoalbuminemia, causing fluid to leak out of blood vessels and accumulate in tissues, resulting in edema.
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): While more commonly associated with leg swelling, DVT in the upper extremities can cause edema in the hands.
Lymphedema: This condition, characterized by the abnormal collection of fluid in the body's tissues, can cause swelling in the hands, especially if the lymphatic system is compromised.

Superior Vena Cava Syndrome: Obstruction of the superior vena cava can cause edema and swelling in the upper body, including the hands, and is a medical emergency.
Sepsis: Sepsis can lead to capillary leak syndrome, causing widespread edema, including in the hands.
Anaphylaxis: A severe allergic reaction can cause rapid onset of edema, among other symptoms, and is life-threatening.

Myxedema: A condition associated with hypothyroidism, characterized by thickening of the skin and underlying tissues, leading to swelling that can include the hands.
Scleroderma: An autoimmune disease that can cause skin thickening and edema, among other symptoms.
Protein-Losing Enteropathy: A condition where the gut loses protein, leading to hypoalbuminemia and potential edema.
Capillary Leak Syndrome: A rare condition characterized by the leakage of fluid from capillaries into the surrounding tissues, causing edema.