From the Research
Patients taking GLP-1 receptor agonists like semaglutide or liraglutide should aim to drink at least 2-3 liters (64-100 ounces) of water daily. This increased fluid intake is particularly important because GLP-1 medications can cause dehydration through side effects like nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea 1. Proper hydration helps minimize these gastrointestinal side effects and reduces the risk of constipation, which is common with these medications. It also supports kidney function as these drugs work partly through renal pathways, as evidenced by their kidney-protective effects in patients with type 2 diabetes 2.
Some key points to consider:
- Patients should distribute water consumption throughout the day rather than drinking large amounts at once.
- Increase intake during hot weather, exercise, or illness.
- Signs of dehydration to watch for include dark urine, dry mouth, dizziness, and headaches.
- Caffeinated and alcoholic beverages should be limited as they can worsen dehydration and potentially interact with the medication's effects.
- The impact of GLP-1 receptor agonists on blood pressure and hydration can vary, with some studies suggesting a transient increase in blood pressure in patients with severe chronic kidney disease 3, while others indicate a potential role in modulating fluid balance 1.
- However, the most recent and highest quality study on the topic of GLP-1 receptor agonists and fluid intake suggests that these medications may reduce fluid intake in healthy volunteers 1, highlighting the importance of adequate hydration in patients taking these medications.
Overall, prioritizing hydration is crucial for patients on GLP-1 receptor agonists to minimize side effects and support overall health, particularly kidney function, as these medications have been shown to have kidney-protective effects 2.