From the FDA Drug Label
Mebendazole tablets are indicated for the treatment of ... Necator americanus (American hookworm) The FDA drug label does not answer the question about megaloblastic anemia, but Necator americanus is mentioned as one of the hookworms that the drug is indicated to treat, and it is implied to be present in areas where the drug is used, which includes Africa for other types of hookworms, such as Ancylostoma duodenale. However, the label does not explicitly state that Necator americanus is seen in Africa. 1
From the Research
Both statements about helminthiasis are true, as Necator americanus is found in Africa and hookworm infections can lead to iron deficiency anemia, but not typically megaloblastic anemia, which is more commonly associated with vitamin B12 or folate deficiency. The most recent and highest quality study, 2, indicates that hookworms, including Necator americanus, are prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions, including Africa, and cause iron deficiency anemia due to intestinal blood loss. Key points about helminthiasis include:
- Necator americanus is found in Africa, as well as other tropical and subtropical regions, including Asia and the Americas 2, 3.
- Hookworm infections, including those caused by Necator americanus, lead to iron deficiency anemia due to chronic blood loss, but megaloblastic anemia is not typically a direct result of hookworm infection, as it is more commonly associated with vitamin B12 or folate deficiency 4, 5.
- Treatment of hookworm infections typically involves anthelminthic medications, such as albendazole or mebendazole, along with iron supplementation to address the anemia 5, 3.
- Prevention strategies include improved sanitation, wearing shoes in endemic areas, and proper disposal of human waste 2, 6.