Stress Fracture: This is a common injury in individuals who participate in repetitive stress activities like jumping. The sudden onset of pain on the top of the foot after jumping strongly suggests a stress fracture, particularly of the metatarsals.

Ligament Sprain: The ligaments on the top of the foot can be sprained during activities that involve jumping, leading to sudden pain.
Tendinitis: Inflammation of the tendons on the top of the foot, such as the extensor tendons, can cause pain, especially with activities like jumping.
Morton's Neuroma: Although more commonly associated with pain between the toes, Morton's neuroma can sometimes cause pain on the top of the foot, especially if it involves the nerves supplying this area.

Compartment Syndrome: A serious condition that can occur after a severe injury, including those from jumping. It's characterized by increased pressure within a muscle compartment, leading to severe pain, and if not treated promptly, can result in permanent damage.
Osteonecrosis: Although less common, osteonecrosis (death of bone tissue due to lack of blood supply) can occur in the bones of the foot and should be considered, especially if pain persists or worsens over time.

Gout or Pseudogout: These are forms of arthritis that can cause sudden, severe pain in the foot, although they are less likely to be directly associated with jumping.
Bone Tumor: Both benign and malignant bone tumors can cause pain in the foot, but they would be a rare cause of sudden onset pain related to a specific activity like jumping.
Infection: Osteomyelitis (bone infection) or septic arthritis could cause severe pain but would typically be accompanied by other symptoms such as fever, redness, and swelling.