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From the Research
Causes of Xiphoid Process Pain (Xiphodynia)
The causes of xiphoid process pain, also known as xiphodynia, can be attributed to various factors, including:
- Irritation of the xiphoid process, which can radiate pain to the chest, abdomen, throat, and arms 1
- Risk factors such as GERD, gall-bladder disease, angina pectoris, and coronary-artery disease, which can contribute to the development of secondary xiphoidalgia 1
- Anatomical variations of the xiphoid process, such as a broad, thin, monofid, bifid, trifid, curved, or deflected shape, which can be mistaken for epigastric masses 2
- Trauma or repeated strain on the xiphoid process, which can cause pain and discomfort 3
- Significant weight gain, which can lead to anterior displacement of the xiphoid process and subsequent pain 3
- Repeated trauma of the afflicted area, unaccustomed heavy lifting, exercise, and perichondritis, which are also believed to contribute to the development of xiphodynia 3
Clinical Presentation
Xiphodynia can present with a range of symptoms, including:
- Chest pain
- Abdominal pain
- Throat pain
- Arm pain
- Tenderness of the xiphoid process
- Anterior displacement of the xiphoid process, which can be confirmed by physical examination and plain chest radiographs 3
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis of xiphodynia is often suggested when a patient's chest or abdominal discomfort is completely or almost completely reproduced with light pressure on the xiphoid process 4. Treatment options for xiphodynia include conservative management, injections, and surgical interventions such as xiphoidectomy 1, 4, 3, 5.