From the Research
For most women with uncomplicated pregnancies, having sex throughout pregnancy is safe, as supported by the most recent and highest quality study 1.
Key Points to Consider
- Sexual activity, including vaginal intercourse, oral sex, and masturbation, generally poses no risk to the pregnancy or the baby, as the baby is protected by the amniotic sac and the strong muscles of the uterus, while the mucus plug seals the cervix to help guard against infection 1.
- However, there are situations when sex during pregnancy should be avoided, such as a history of preterm labor, unexplained vaginal bleeding, placenta previa, cervical insufficiency, or if your water has broken 2.
- Some positions may become uncomfortable as pregnancy progresses, so couples often need to adapt and find positions that accommodate the growing belly.
- It's normal to experience changes in sexual desire during pregnancy due to hormonal fluctuations, physical discomfort, or emotional factors, as noted in a study from 2005 3.
- If you experience severe pain, heavy bleeding, or unusual discharge after sex, contact your healthcare provider immediately.
- Open communication with both your partner and healthcare provider about any concerns is important throughout pregnancy.
Important Considerations
- A study from 2019 found that the experiences, frequency, and timing of sexual intercourse had no significant impact on any obstetric or neonatal outcome compared with those of women without sexual intercourse 1.
- Another study from 2001 suggested that intercourse during late pregnancy was associated with a reduced risk of preterm delivery, although it noted that a small subgroup of susceptible women might have adverse consequences of sexual activity 4.
- The effects of pregnancy on sexual life, including decreased sexual intercourse frequency and increased pain during coitus as pregnancy progresses, have been documented in research 3.
- While fetal sex may play a role in modifying the course and complications related to pregnancy, this factor does not directly influence the safety of sexual activity during pregnancy 5.