From the Research
Yes, pregnancy can cause mouth aphthae (oral ulcers). During pregnancy, hormonal changes, particularly increased estrogen and progesterone levels, can affect the oral environment and immune response, making some women more susceptible to developing these painful ulcers. Nutritional deficiencies that may occur during pregnancy, especially of iron, folate, vitamin B12, and zinc, can also contribute to aphthous ulcer formation 1.
Causes and Risk Factors
The exact cause of aphthous ulcers during pregnancy is not well understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of hormonal, immune, and nutritional factors. Some studies suggest that aphthous ulcers may be triggered by stress, trauma, or certain foods 2.
Treatment and Management
For treatment, pregnant women should first focus on maintaining good oral hygiene and avoiding spicy, acidic, or rough foods that may irritate the mouth. Over-the-counter topical treatments like benzocaine gels (Orajel) or rinses containing lidocaine can provide temporary pain relief and are generally considered safe during pregnancy when used as directed 3. Saltwater rinses (1/2 teaspoon salt in warm water) several times daily can help clean the area and reduce inflammation.
Key Considerations
- Most pregnancy-related mouth ulcers will heal on their own within 7-14 days.
- If ulcers are severe, persistent, or interfering with eating, it's essential to consult with a healthcare provider, as they may recommend prescription treatments that are pregnancy-safe or identify any underlying nutritional deficiencies that need addressing.
- Topical corticosteroids, such as dexamethasone or triamcinolone, may be prescribed for more severe cases, but their use should be carefully monitored due to potential side effects 4.
Prevention
Maintaining good oral hygiene, eating a balanced diet rich in essential nutrients, and managing stress may help prevent aphthous ulcers during pregnancy. Regular dental check-ups and consultations with a healthcare provider can also help identify any underlying issues that may contribute to aphthous ulcer formation 5.