Elbow Pain Differential Diagnosis and Treatment
The differential diagnosis for elbow pain can be organized into the following categories:
- Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow): This is the most common cause of elbow pain, especially in individuals who engage in repetitive wrist extension activities. The pain is typically localized to the lateral aspect of the elbow and may radiate down the forearm.
- Other Likely Diagnoses
- Medial Epicondylitis (Golfer's Elbow): Similar to lateral epicondylitis but affects the medial aspect of the elbow, often due to repetitive wrist flexion activities.
- Olecranon Bursitis: Inflammation of the bursa at the back of the elbow, which can be caused by trauma, infection, or repetitive pressure on the elbow.
- Elbow Strain or Sprain: Overstretching or tearing of the ligaments or muscles around the elbow, often due to sudden twisting or bending.
- Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Septic Arthritis: A bacterial infection within the elbow joint, which is a medical emergency requiring prompt antibiotic treatment and possible surgical intervention.
- Fracture: Especially in the context of trauma, fractures around the elbow (e.g., radial head, olecranon) need to be identified and treated appropriately to avoid long-term complications.
- Cubital Tunnel Syndrome: Compression of the ulnar nerve at the elbow, which can lead to numbness, tingling, and weakness in the hand if not addressed.
- Rare Diagnoses
- Rheumatoid Arthritis: An autoimmune disease that can cause inflammation and pain in the elbow, among other joints.
- Osteochondritis Dissecans: A condition where a piece of cartilage and bone in the joint becomes damaged, leading to pain and swelling.
- Tumors: Both benign (e.g., osteochondroma) and malignant tumors can occur around the elbow, though they are much less common causes of elbow pain.
Each diagnosis has a distinct set of symptoms, risk factors, and diagnostic findings that guide the clinical approach to elbow pain. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment and prevention of long-term disability.