From the Guidelines
Caregivers should be taught the basic principles of pressure ulcer management, including offloading, debridement, revascularization, management of infection, and use of physiologic topical dressings, as outlined in the most recent guidelines 1.
Key Principles of Pressure Ulcer Management
- Offloading of plantar ulcerations to reduce pressure on vulnerable areas
- Debridement of necrotic, nonviable tissue to promote wound healing
- Revascularization of ischemic wounds when necessary to improve blood flow
- Management of infection, including soft tissue or bone infections
- Use of physiologic, topical dressings to support wound healing
Importance of Proper Care
Proper care is essential to prevent complications like infection and further tissue damage. Caregivers should monitor for signs of infection, such as increased pain, redness, warmth, swelling, or foul odor, and report these immediately. They should also use pressure-redistributing devices like specialized mattresses, cushions, and heel protectors. Documentation of wound appearance, size, and treatment is essential for tracking progress.
Role of Advanced Wound Therapy
Advanced wound therapy can play a role in the treatment of chronic wounds that fail to heal despite proper management. Consideration should be given to the use of advanced wound therapy if a wound fails to show a reduction of 50% or more after 4 weeks of appropriate wound management 1.
Multidisciplinary Approach
Treatment of pressure ulcers often requires a multidisciplinary approach involving nurses, physicians, and other members of a care team 1. Caregivers should be aware of the importance of collaboration and communication in providing effective care for patients with pressure ulcers.
From the Research
Basic Principles of Pressure Ulcer Management
The basic principles of pressure ulcer management that need to be taught to caregivers include:
- Elimination or reduction of pressure and other contributing factors 2
- Treatment of infection 2, 3
- Appropriate wound management, including the use of wound dressings that promote moist wound healing 2
- Involvement and education of the patient and caregivers 2, 4
- Maintenance of healed tissue 2
Importance of Patient-Centered Approach
A patient-centered approach is crucial in pressure ulcer management, and caregivers should be educated on the importance of:
- Individualized plans of care 5
- Multidisciplinary approach to wound care 5, 4
- Patient-focused approach in the care of people with chronic and acute wounds 6
- Empowering patients and caregivers in wound care through education and awareness 4
Prevention and Education
Prevention of pressure ulcers is a top priority, and caregivers should be educated on: