Differential Diagnosis for Bitter Taste in Mouth
- Single most likely diagnosis
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): This condition is characterized by the backflow of stomach acid into the esophagus, which can cause a bitter taste in the mouth. The stomach acid can flow up into the mouth, especially when lying down or after eating, leading to the sensation of a bitter taste.
- Other Likely diagnoses
- Dental problems (e.g., gum disease, tooth decay): Poor dental health can lead to the growth of bacteria in the mouth, which may produce compounds that give a bitter taste.
- Dry mouth (xerostomia): A decrease in saliva production can lead to an accumulation of bacteria and other substances in the mouth, resulting in a bitter taste.
- Medication side effects: Certain medications, such as antibiotics, antihistamines, and decongestants, can alter taste perception and cause a bitter taste.
- Sinus infections: Postnasal drip from a sinus infection can carry bacteria and other debris into the mouth, leading to a bitter taste.
- Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.)
- Oral cancer: Although rare, oral cancer can cause changes in taste, including a bitter taste, and is crucial to diagnose early for effective treatment.
- Thyroid disorders: Both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism can affect taste perception, including causing a bitter taste, and require prompt medical attention.
- Neurological disorders (e.g., multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease): Certain neurological conditions can affect the nerves responsible for taste, leading to abnormal taste sensations, including bitterness.
- Rare diagnoses
- Sjögren's syndrome: An autoimmune disorder that can cause dry mouth and alter taste perception, leading to a bitter taste.
- Bell's palsy: A condition that affects the facial nerve and can cause changes in taste, including a bitter taste.
- Zinc deficiency: A nutritional deficiency that can affect taste perception and cause a bitter taste.