Mongolian Spot: A benign congenital melanocytic lesion common in newborns, especially in darker-skinned individuals, which typically fades by the age of two. It is the most common cause of a large hypopigmented spot in newborns due to its prevalence.

Nevus Depigmentosus: A congenital hypopigmented lesion that results from a defect in melanin production. It is usually present at birth and can be isolated or associated with other conditions.
Pityriasis Alba: A common, benign condition characterized by hypopigmented patches, often with fine scales, typically seen on the face, but can appear elsewhere, including the trunk.
Vitiligo: An autoimmune condition leading to loss of pigment-producing cells (melanocytes), resulting in white patches. Though less common in newborns, it can present at any age.

Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC): A genetic disorder that can cause hypopigmented macules (ash leaf spots), among other skin and systemic manifestations. Early diagnosis is crucial for managing associated complications.
Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1): While café-au-lait spots are more characteristic, hypopigmented lesions can also occur. NF1 has significant implications for neurologic, orthopedic, and oncologic health.
Incontinentia Pigmenti: A genetic disorder that affects the skin, hair, teeth, nails, and central nervous system. It can present with hypopigmented spots, among other dermatological features.

Waardenburg Syndrome: A genetic disorder characterized by hearing loss, minor defects in the structures arising from the neural crest, and pigmentation abnormalities, including white patches.
Piebaldism: A rare genetic condition characterized by the absence of melanocytes in affected areas of skin and hair, leading to white forelock and depigmented skin patches.
Chédiak-Higashi Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder affecting the immune system, characterized by oculocutaneous albinism, which could present with hypopigmentation among other systemic symptoms.