Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): The presence of occasional bacteria and mucous in the urine, along with cloudy urine, strongly suggests a UTI. Vision changes could be related to a systemic infection, especially in an elderly patient, potentially causing confusion or altered mental status that might be perceived as vision changes.

Diabetic Retinopathy or Other Diabetes-Related Complications: Given the protein in the urine, diabetes should be considered, especially if the patient has a history of diabetes. Diabetic retinopathy could explain the vision changes.
Hypertension-Related Retinopathy: Hypertension can cause changes in vision due to its effects on the retinal vessels. The presence of protein in the urine could indicate hypertensive nephrosclerosis.
Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A common cause of vision changes in elderly patients, though it doesn't directly relate to the urinary findings.

Sepsis: Although the patient's presentation might seem mild, elderly patients can septic from a UTI without the typical signs of infection. The vision changes could be an early sign of decreased perfusion or sepsis-induced encephalopathy.
Endophthalmitis or Other Intraocular Infections: Though less likely, any infection that could lead to vision changes should be considered, especially if there's a history of recent eye surgery or trauma.
Vasculitis (e.g., Giant Cell Arteritis): This condition can cause vision changes and might have systemic symptoms. It's crucial to consider in elderly patients with new-onset vision problems.

Amyloidosis: Could explain protein in the urine and potentially vision changes if there's involvement of the eyes or nerves.
Multiple Myeloma: A plasma cell disorder that can cause vision changes due to hyperviscosity syndrome and renal impairment leading to abnormal urine analysis findings.
Toxins or Medications: Certain toxins or medications can cause both vision changes and renal impairment, though this would be less common and more dependent on the patient's exposure history.