From the Guidelines
Sexual intercourse can have a positive effect on depression symptoms, but it is not a replacement for evidence-based depression treatments. The relationship between sexual intercourse and depression is complex, with sexual activity potentially alleviating mild to moderate depression symptoms due to the release of endorphins, oxytocin, and other neurotransmitters that improve mood and reduce stress 1. However, depression itself can reduce libido and sexual function, creating a challenging cycle.
Key Considerations
- Depression is a complex condition with multiple contributing factors, and sexual activity alone is unlikely to address underlying issues.
- A comprehensive approach including professional mental health support remains essential for those experiencing depression, with healthy sexual activity potentially serving as one component of overall well-being.
- The physical exercise component of sex can contribute to improved mood through increased blood flow and the release of feel-good chemicals in the brain.
- Regular sexual activity with a trusted partner may help alleviate mild to moderate depression symptoms by reducing stress hormones like cortisol and promoting feelings of intimacy and emotional support.
Recommendations for Practice
- Healthcare providers should discuss sexual health and function with patients, including those with depression, as part of overall care 1.
- Patients with depression should be encouraged to engage in healthy sexual activity as part of a comprehensive treatment plan, but not as a replacement for evidence-based treatments like psychotherapy and medication.
- Providers should be aware of the potential for depression to impact sexual function and libido, and address these issues as part of overall care.
From the Research
Effect of Sexual Intercourse on Depression
- There is limited direct research on the effect of sexual intercourse on depression 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
- However, some studies suggest that sexual function and dysfunction can be related to psychological and interpersonal factors, including depression 5.
- A study on college students found that the majority of both male and female students reported positive consequences of first vaginal intercourse, including intimacy and physical satisfaction, but some also reported negative consequences such as guilt and anxiety 4.
- Another study found that cognitive distraction can be a significant contributor to sexual response problems in men and women, and that assessment of depression and anxiety should be part of the initial evaluation for sexual complaints 5.
- A pilot study on individual nurse-led active listening intervention for spouses of individuals with depression found that the intervention had a positive impact on patients' depressive symptoms, suggesting that improving the psychological state of spouses may have a positive effect on patients' depression 6.
- Couple therapy has been shown to be effective in improving depression and reducing relationship problems, and may be a promising treatment for depressed individuals in distressed relationships 2.