From the FDA Drug Label
Betaine Anhydrous for Oral Solution acts as a methyl group donor in the remethylation of homocysteine to methionine in patients with homocystinuria. The function of Trimethylglycine (TMG), also known as Betaine, is to act as a methyl group donor in the remethylation of homocysteine to methionine in patients with homocystinuria 1.
- Key points:
- Trimethylglycine is used to treat homocystinuria
- It donates a methyl group to convert homocysteine to methionine
- This process is crucial for patients with homocystinuria, as it helps to lower plasma homocysteine concentrations 1.
From the Research
Trimethylglycine (TMG), also known as betaine, is a methyl donor supplement that plays a crucial role in converting homocysteine to methionine, which is essential for maintaining cardiovascular health and liver function, as supported by studies such as 2 and 3. The function of TMG is to donate methyl groups needed for various biochemical reactions, including DNA repair, neurotransmitter production, and hormone metabolism. TMG supplementation has been shown to lower plasma homocysteine concentrations, which is a potential risk factor for cardiovascular disease, as demonstrated in studies like 2. However, it is essential to consider the potential effects of TMG on blood lipid concentrations, as high doses of betaine (6 g/d) have been found to increase blood LDL cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations, which could counteract the beneficial effects on homocysteine, as reported in 3.
Some of the key benefits of TMG supplementation include:
- Supporting liver detoxification and protecting against fatty liver disease
- Enhancing cellular energy production
- Possibly improving exercise performance
- Being particularly beneficial for individuals with MTHFR gene mutations who have impaired methylation pathways
The typical dosage of TMG ranges from 500-3000mg daily, divided into 2-3 doses with meals. It is generally well-tolerated, but some individuals may experience digestive discomfort when starting supplementation, so it is advisable to begin with a lower dose and gradually increase as needed. Overall, the use of TMG as a supplement should be considered in the context of its potential benefits and risks, and individuals should consult with a healthcare professional before starting supplementation, especially in light of findings from studies like 3.