Hidden Sources of Sulfites in Foods
Sulfites are commonly found in many processed and preserved foods, with some hidden sources that can trigger adverse reactions in sensitive individuals, particularly those with asthma. 1 Awareness of these hidden sources is crucial for those who need to avoid sulfites due to health concerns.
Common Hidden Sources of Sulfites
Processed Foods
- Dried fruits and vegetables: Particularly dried apricots, raisins, and other preserved fruits 2
- Processed potatoes: Including frozen french fries, packaged potato products, and instant mashed potatoes 1, 3
- Canned foods: Many canned vegetables, fruits, and soups contain sulfites as preservatives 1
- Packaged baked goods: Cookies, crackers, pie crusts, pizza dough, and bread products may contain sulfites 2
Beverages
- Alcoholic beverages: Beer and wine often contain significant amounts of sulfites 1, 4
- Fruit juices: Especially bottled lemon and lime juice 2
- Soft drinks and sports drinks: May contain sulfites as preservatives 4
Condiments and Additives
- Condiments: Vinegar, pickled foods, relishes, horseradish, and sauerkraut 4
- Gravy and sauce mixes: Including packaged gravy and sauce mixes 2
Protein Sources
- Seafood: Fresh, frozen, or processed seafood is often treated with sulfites to prevent discoloration 1, 2
- Processed meats: Sausages, hot dogs, and deli meats may contain sulfites 3
Highest Risk Foods
The following foods typically contain the highest levels of sulfites:
- Wine and beer 1, 4
- Dried fruits (especially light-colored varieties like golden raisins and apricots) 2
- Shrimp and other seafood 1
- Processed potatoes 1
Reading Food Labels
Sulfites may be listed on food labels under various names:
- Sodium sulfite
- Sodium bisulfite
- Sodium metabisulfite
- Potassium bisulfite
- Potassium metabisulfite
- Sulfur dioxide
Clinical Implications
Sulfite sensitivity can cause serious reactions in susceptible individuals:
- Bronchospasm is the most common reaction, particularly in people with asthma 1, 4
- Anaphylaxis and severe allergic reactions can occur in extreme cases 4
- Reactions can be immediate or delayed 4
Prevention Strategies
For sulfite-sensitive individuals:
- Read all food labels carefully - FDA regulations require that sulfites be declared on labels when present at detectable levels 2
- Be cautious with restaurant foods - Particularly salad bars, fresh fruits and vegetables that look unusually fresh, and fried potatoes 4
- Be aware of non-food sources - Some medications and pharmaceutical products may contain sulfites 4
- Consider food preparation methods - Cooking methods can sometimes affect sulfite content 3
Special Considerations
Individuals with both food allergies and asthma are at increased risk for severe reactions to sulfites 1. The FDA prohibits the use of sulfites on fruits and vegetables to be served fresh to the public (except potatoes), but they may still be present in processed forms 2.
Remember that sulfite sensitivity reactions can be serious medical emergencies. If you suspect sulfite sensitivity, proper medical evaluation is essential before implementing dietary restrictions.