Differential Diagnosis for Atraumatic Swelling of the Left Temple

Single Most Likely Diagnosis

• Temporal Arteritis: This is a common condition in older adults, characterized by inflammation of the temporal artery, which can cause a firm, tender swelling on the temple. The atraumatic nature of the swelling and the firm texture are consistent with this diagnosis.

Other Likely Diagnoses

• Lipoma: A benign fatty tumor that can occur anywhere on the body, including the temple. It is typically firm and mobile.
• Epidermoid Cyst: A benign cyst that can occur on the skin, including the temple. It is usually firm and may be tender to the touch.
• Hematoma: Although the swelling is described as atraumatic, a small, firm hematoma could still be possible, especially if there was minor trauma that was not noticed.

Do Not Miss Diagnoses

• Malignant Tumor: Although rare, a malignant tumor such as a squamous cell carcinoma or basal cell carcinoma could present as a firm swelling on the temple. Early detection is crucial for treatment.
• Infected Sebaceous Cyst: An infected sebaceous cyst can present as a firm, tender swelling and may require urgent antibiotic treatment or drainage.
• Temporal Artery Aneurysm: A rare but potentially life-threatening condition that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment.

Rare Diagnoses

• Glomus Tumor: A rare, benign tumor that typically occurs under the fingernail but can also occur on the temple. It is usually firm and may be tender to the touch.
• Dermatofibroma: A rare, benign skin growth that can occur on the temple. It is typically firm and may be tender to the touch.
• Neurofibroma: A rare, benign tumor of the nerve tissue that can occur on the temple. It is usually firm and may be tender to the touch.