Differential Diagnosis for Newborn with Abdominal Swelling and Removal of 75% of Intestine
- Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC): This condition is a leading cause of intestinal failure in newborns, particularly in premature infants. It involves infection and inflammation that causes damage to, or the death of, parts of the baby's colon. The severity of NEC can necessitate the removal of a significant portion of the intestine, which aligns with the symptoms described.
- Other Likely Diagnoses
- Intestinal Atresia: This is a congenital defect where a portion of the intestine does not develop properly, leading to a blockage. In severe cases, surgical removal of the affected portion might be necessary, potentially resulting in the removal of a significant amount of intestinal tissue.
- Volvulus: A condition where the intestine twists around itself and the tissue that holds it in place, cutting off blood flow. This can lead to tissue death and may require surgical removal of the affected intestine.
- Hirschsprung's Disease: A congenital condition that affects the large intestine (colon) and causes problems with passing stool. In severe cases, surgical intervention might involve removing a portion of the intestine.
- Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Intestinal Ischemia: This condition involves a reduction or cessation of blood flow to the intestines, which can lead to tissue death and necessitate surgical removal. It's crucial to identify and treat promptly to prevent further complications.
- Congenital Aganglionosis: Similar to Hirschsprung's disease but can involve more extensive portions of the intestine. Early diagnosis and treatment are critical for managing the condition and preventing complications.
- Rare Diagnoses
- Chronic Intestinal Pseudo-obstruction: A rare condition characterized by impairment of the muscle contractions that move food, fluid, and air through the intestines. In severe cases, it might lead to intestinal failure and the need for surgical intervention.
- Gastroschisis: A birth defect in which the baby's intestines extend outside of the body through a hole next to the belly button. While not typically associated with the removal of a large portion of the intestine, it can lead to complications that might necessitate such an intervention in rare cases.