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Differential Diagnosis for Enlarged Testicle

  • Single most likely diagnosis
    • Epididymitis: This is an inflammation of the epididymis, a tube at the back of the testicle that stores and carries sperm. It is often caused by a bacterial infection and can cause the testicle to become enlarged, painful, and swollen.
  • Other Likely diagnoses
    • Hydrocele: A condition where fluid accumulates in the scrotum, causing the testicle to become enlarged. It can be caused by injury, infection, or inflammation.
    • Varicocele: An enlargement of the veins within the scrotum, similar to varicose veins. It can cause the testicle to become enlarged and is often associated with infertility.
    • Testicular torsion: A condition where the spermatic cord becomes twisted, cutting off the blood supply to the testicle. It is a medical emergency and can cause the testicle to become enlarged and painful.
  • Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.)
    • Testicular cancer: Although rare, testicular cancer can cause an enlarged testicle. It is essential to rule out this diagnosis, as early detection and treatment are crucial for survival.
    • Orchitis: An inflammation of the testicle, often caused by a bacterial or viral infection. If left untreated, it can lead to serious complications, such as infertility or testicular atrophy.
  • Rare diagnoses
    • Spermatocele: A cystic structure that forms on the epididymis, which can cause the testicle to become enlarged.
    • Cystic dysplasia of the testis: A rare congenital condition where the testicle develops abnormally, leading to an enlarged testicle.
    • Testicular lymphoma: A rare type of cancer that affects the testicle, which can cause it to become enlarged.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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