The Olecranon Bursa
The olecranon bursa is the anatomical name for the bursal sac located over the olecranon process at the posterior aspect of the elbow. 1
Anatomical Characteristics
The olecranon bursa is a fluid-filled sac positioned superficially over the olecranon process of the ulna. It serves as a cushioning structure that reduces friction between the skin and the underlying bone during elbow movement. This bursa is particularly vulnerable to:
- Direct trauma
- Repetitive pressure
- Infection
- Inflammatory conditions
Clinical Significance
The olecranon bursa is clinically significant due to its susceptibility to inflammation (olecranon bursitis), which can occur through several mechanisms:
- Traumatic causes: Direct impact or repetitive minor trauma to the posterior elbow 1
- Infectious causes: Direct inoculation through puncture wounds or spread from adjacent infections 2
- Inflammatory causes: Associated with conditions such as gout, rheumatoid arthritis, or other crystal deposition diseases 2
Diagnostic Considerations
When evaluating olecranon bursal pathology:
- Radiographs are beneficial as initial imaging to exclude fractures or bony abnormalities 1
- Ultrasound is useful for confirming bursal fluid collection and evaluating bursal wall thickening 1
- MRI may be considered for cases with suspected associated conditions 2
Management Implications
Understanding the anatomical name and location of the olecranon bursa is important for proper management of elbow pathology:
- Conservative treatment for non-septic bursitis includes rest, ice, NSAIDs, and activity modification 3
- Aspiration may be indicated for diagnostic purposes or symptomatic relief 2
- Surgical intervention (bursectomy) should be reserved for refractory cases 3, 4
Clinical Examination
When examining the olecranon bursa:
- Position the patient with elbow flexed at 90° 1
- Assess for swelling, erythema, warmth, and tenderness over the posterior elbow
- Evaluate range of motion and associated structures
The olecranon bursa's superficial location makes it particularly vulnerable to external pressure, earning it pseudonyms related to occupational or habitual activities that cause repeated minor trauma to this area 4.