Side Effects of Saffron
Saffron should be used with caution due to potential adverse hematological reactions including increased bleeding risk, and should be discontinued at least 2 weeks before any surgical procedures 1.
Common Side Effects
Hematological effects:
- Inhibition of platelet aggregation, potentially increasing bleeding risk 1
- Increased risk of unusual bleeding or bruising
Gastrointestinal effects:
- Nausea
- Diarrhea
- Vomiting
- Abdominal pain
Neurological effects:
- Dizziness
- Headache
- Changes in mood or sleep patterns
Serious Side Effects
- Allergic reactions: Hypersensitivity reactions have been reported in some individuals 1
- Potential teratogenic effects: Animal studies have identified saffron as potentially teratogenic 1
Special Population Considerations
High-Risk Groups
- Patients on anticoagulant or antiplatelet medications 1
- Individuals with bleeding disorders
- Patients with hormone-sensitive conditions
- Pregnant women (contraindicated based on animal studies showing teratogenic effects) 1
Drug Interactions
- Anticoagulants/antiplatelets: Saffron may enhance the effects of these medications, increasing bleeding risk 1
- Hormonal medications: Potential interactions with hormone-sensitive conditions
Monitoring Recommendations
Before starting saffron supplementation:
- Assess baseline bleeding risk
- Review medication list for potential interactions with anticoagulants or antiplatelet drugs 1
During supplementation:
- Monitor for signs of unusual bleeding or bruising
- Watch for allergic reactions
- Observe for changes in mood or sleep patterns
Dosage Considerations
- Standard therapeutic dose is typically 30 mg daily for mood-related benefits 1
- Short-term use (up to 3 months) is better supported by current evidence 1
- Higher doses may increase risk of side effects
Pharmacokinetic Properties
- Saffron contains several active components including crocin, crocetin, picrocrocin, and safranal 2
- Crocin is converted to crocetin in the intestine 2
- Crocetin can distribute to various tissues and penetrate the blood-brain barrier 2
- Carotenoids in saffron are sensitive to oxygen, light, heat, and enzymatic oxidation 2
Clinical Implications
- Despite potential therapeutic benefits for mood disorders, cardiovascular health, and metabolic conditions 3, 4, 5, 6, the side effect profile requires careful consideration
- The World Health Organization guidelines recommend against routine use of herbal therapies including saffron for certain conditions due to insufficient high-quality evidence 1
- Always discontinue saffron at least 2 weeks before any surgical procedures 1
Practical Recommendations
- Start with lower doses and monitor for adverse effects
- Avoid use in high-risk populations (bleeding disorders, pregnancy)
- Consider potential drug interactions, especially with anticoagulants
- Purchase from reputable sources to ensure quality and appropriate concentration of active compounds
While saffron shows promise for various health conditions, its side effect profile, particularly related to bleeding risk, requires careful consideration when recommending its use as a supplement.