Morton's Neuroma: This is a common cause of metatarsalgia, characterized by a benign growth of nerve tissue in the ball of the foot, typically between the third and fourth toes. It is more common in women and often associated with wearing high-heeled or tight shoes.

Plantar Plate Tear: A tear in the plantar plate, a ligament that supports the toes, can cause metatarsalgia. This condition is often associated with activities that involve repetitive stress on the foot.
Metatarsal Stress Fracture: A stress fracture in one of the metatarsal bones can cause pain in the ball of the foot. This is more common in athletes or individuals who have recently increased their physical activity.
Sesamoiditis: Inflammation of the sesamoid bones, which are located under the first metatarsal bone, can cause metatarsalgia. This condition is often associated with activities that involve repetitive stress on the foot.
Overuse or Poor Foot Mechanics: Abnormal foot mechanics, such as overpronation or supination, can put additional stress on the metatarsal bones and cause metatarsalgia.

Infection (e.g., Osteomyelitis or Septic Arthritis): Although less common, infections in the foot can cause metatarsalgia and have serious consequences if not promptly treated.
Tumor (e.g., Osteoid Osteoma): A bone tumor, such as an osteoid osteoma, can cause metatarsalgia and is important to diagnose to ensure proper treatment.
Gout or Pseudogout: These conditions can cause sudden, severe pain in the foot and should be considered in the differential diagnosis to ensure proper treatment.

Freiberg's Disease: A rare condition characterized by avascular necrosis of the metatarsal head, which can cause metatarsalgia.
Kohler's Disease: A rare condition characterized by avascular necrosis of the navicular bone, which can cause pain in the foot.
Charcot Foot: A rare condition characterized by neuropathic arthropathy of the foot, which can cause metatarsalgia and other foot problems.