Differential Diagnosis for Elevated Ferritin in an 88-year-old
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Anemia of Chronic Disease: This is often seen in elderly patients with chronic conditions such as arthritis, chronic infections, or malignancies. Elevated ferritin levels can occur due to inflammation, which is a common underlying factor in these conditions.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Iron Overload: Conditions like hemochromatosis can lead to elevated ferritin levels due to excessive iron storage. Although less common, it's still a consideration, especially if there's a family history.
- Chronic Kidney Disease: Impaired kidney function can lead to elevated ferritin levels, possibly due to inflammation and decreased iron clearance.
- Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome: These conditions are associated with chronic inflammation, which can cause elevated ferritin levels.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH): A rare but life-threatening condition characterized by excessive immune activation, leading to very high ferritin levels. It's crucial to consider HLH due to its high mortality rate if left untreated.
- Malignancy: Certain cancers, such as lymphoma or leukemia, can cause elevated ferritin levels. Given the age of the patient, it's essential to rule out malignancy.
- Sepsis or Severe Infection: Infections can lead to significantly elevated ferritin levels due to the acute phase response. Identifying and treating the underlying infection is critical.
Rare Diagnoses
- Hyperthyroidism: Although less common, hyperthyroidism can lead to elevated ferritin levels, possibly due to increased iron absorption and utilization.
- Porphyria Cutanea Tarda: A rare genetic disorder that can cause elevated ferritin levels due to iron overload.
- Gaucher's Disease: A genetic disorder leading to the accumulation of glucocerebroside, which can cause elevated ferritin levels among other symptoms.