From the Guidelines
Müllerian anomalies are associated with several complications, including recurrent pregnancy loss, synechiae in the endometrial cavity, and cervical incompetence.
Complications of Müllerian Anomalies
- Recurrent pregnancy loss: Müllerian anomalies, such as fibroids or MDA, can cause recurrent pregnancy loss due to synechiae in the endometrial cavity and cervical incompetence 1.
- Synechiae in the endometrial cavity: Müllerian anomalies can lead to the formation of synechiae, which are adhesions in the endometrial cavity that can cause infertility and recurrent pregnancy loss 1.
- Cervical incompetence: Müllerian anomalies can also cause cervical incompetence, which can lead to preterm labor and pregnancy loss 1.
Diagnosis and Evaluation
Imaging techniques, such as MR hysterosalpingography (HSG), can be used to demonstrate tubal patency and evaluate the uterus and fallopian tubes for anomalies 1. Ultrasound (US) is also a useful imaging modality for detecting congenital anomalies, including those related to Müllerian anomalies, and can be used in conjunction with other imaging techniques, such as MRI, to provide additional detail in specific situations 1.
From the Research
Complications Associated with Müllerian Anomalies
The following complications are associated with Müllerian anomalies:
- Infertility 2, 3, 4
- Endometriosis 3
- Urinary tract anomalies 3
- Preterm delivery 3, 5
- Recurrent pregnancy loss 2, 5, 4
- Obstetric complications, such as the necessity of cesarean sections 3, 5
Gynecological and Reproductive Risks
Individuals with Müllerian anomalies should be counseled on the gynecologic, reproductive, and obstetric risks associated with their specific anomaly to minimize adverse outcomes 2, 4. The management of Müllerian anomalies must be individual, taking anatomical and clinical characteristics into consideration, as well as the patient's wishes 6.
Importance of Early Diagnosis and Management
Early diagnosis and individualized management of Müllerian anomalies are crucial to improve obstetric outcomes 5. Advanced imaging techniques and surgical interventions can enhance reproductive success and reduce pregnancy-related complications 5.