From the Guidelines
Atypical pneumonia, also known as walking pneumonia, is a mild form of pneumonia that doesn't typically require hospitalization and is usually caused by bacteria like Mycoplasma pneumoniae, which can be treated with macrolides like azithromycin or clarithromycin, or tetracyclines like doxycycline 1. The most common pathogens identified in atypical pneumonia are Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, and Legionella pneumophila.
- The treatment for atypical pneumonia typically involves a course of antibiotics, with macrolides being the preferred choice due to their effectiveness against the common pathogens 1.
- Azithromycin (500mg on day 1, then 250mg daily for 4 more days) or clarithromycin (500mg twice daily for 7-14 days) are commonly prescribed macrolides for the treatment of atypical pneumonia 1.
- Doxycycline (100mg twice daily for 7-14 days) is an alternative for those allergic to macrolides or in areas with high macrolide resistance 1. While recovering, patients should rest, drink plenty of fluids, and may take over-the-counter medications like acetaminophen or ibuprofen for fever and discomfort.
- Most people begin feeling better within a few days of starting antibiotics, but complete recovery may take 1-3 weeks 1. It's essential to finish the entire course of antibiotics even if symptoms improve to ensure complete recovery and prevent the development of antibiotic resistance 1. If symptoms worsen or don't improve after 3 days of antibiotics, patients should seek medical attention as they may need different treatment or have a different condition 1.
From the Research
Definition of Atypical Pneumonia
Atypical pneumonia, also known as walking pneumonia, is a type of pneumonia that is not caused by the traditional pathogens, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae. It is often caused by bacteria such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and Legionella spp. 2, 3, 4
Characteristics of Atypical Pneumonia
Atypical pneumonia is characterized by its mild symptoms, which can include cough, fever, and fatigue. It is often referred to as "walking pneumonia" because its symptoms are typically mild enough that patients can still carry out their daily activities. 3, 4
Treatment of Atypical Pneumonia
Atypical pneumonia can be treated with antibiotics, such as azithromycin and clarithromycin. These antibiotics have been shown to be effective in treating atypical pneumonia, with cure rates of over 90% 3, 4, 5. The treatment duration can vary, with some studies showing that a 3-day course of azithromycin is as effective as a 5-day course 3, and others showing that a single dose of azithromycin microspheres is as effective as a 7-day course of extended-release clarithromycin 5.
Key Points
- Atypical pneumonia is a type of pneumonia caused by non-traditional pathogens, such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae.
- Symptoms of atypical pneumonia are typically mild and can include cough, fever, and fatigue.
- Atypical pneumonia can be treated with antibiotics, such as azithromycin and clarithromycin.
- Treatment duration can vary, with some studies showing that shorter courses of antibiotics are as effective as longer courses. 2, 3, 4, 5