From the Research
There is no direct link between nail polish use and kidney injury, but recent studies suggest that exposure to certain chemicals found in nail polish, such as phthalates, may be associated with impaired kidney function. Nail polish itself, when used as intended on nails, does not typically cause kidney damage. The chemicals in nail polish, including toluene, formaldehyde, and phthalates, are primarily concerning for potential respiratory irritation or skin sensitivity with direct contact, rather than kidney toxicity. However, a recent study published in 2024 1 found that exposure to phthalates was associated with impaired kidney function in Taiwanese adults, suggesting a potential link between phthalate exposure and kidney damage. Another study published in 2021 2 also found that exposure to phthalates and other environmental phenols was associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) among the general US population.
Key Considerations
- The main precaution when using nail polish is to use it in well-ventilated areas to minimize inhalation of volatile organic compounds.
- Individuals with existing kidney disease or those undergoing dialysis should not have specific restrictions regarding nail polish use, but they should be cautious and follow the same precautions as the general population.
- If someone experiences symptoms like changes in urination, swelling, fatigue, or pain in the kidney area after using nail polish, they should seek medical attention, though these symptoms are unlikely to be related to typical nail polish use.
- For those concerned about chemical exposure, water-based or "non-toxic" nail polish formulations with fewer harsh chemicals are available as alternatives.
Chemicals of Concern
- Phthalates, such as dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), have been linked to kidney damage and impaired kidney function 1, 2.
- Toluene, a solvent found in some nail polishes, can cause acute kidney injury if ingested in large quantities or inhaled in high concentrations 3.
- Formaldehyde, a common ingredient in nail polish, is toxic to many parts of the body, including the kidneys, but its link to kidney injury is not well established in the context of nail polish use 4.