What are the causes of central thoracotomy (median sternotomy) suture complications?

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From the Research

Central thoracotomy suture complications can be minimized by using monofilament sutures, which have been shown to reduce the risk of surgical site infections compared to multifilament sutures. The causes of central thoracotomy suture complications include infection, dehiscence, and chronic pain, which can be attributed to various factors such as suture material, surgical technique, and patient-related factors.

Suture Material

  • Monofilament sutures, such as poliglecaprone 25 or polypropylene, have been associated with a reduced risk of surgical site infections (SSI) compared to multifilament sutures, such as polyglactin 910, as shown in a systematic review and meta-analysis 1.
  • Nonabsorbable sutures, such as wire sutures, can migrate and cause irritation or injury to surrounding structures, while absorbable sutures, such as Dexon, can reduce discharge and swelling compared to nylon sutures 2.

Surgical Technique

  • Proper surgical technique, including appropriate tension and sterile conditions, is crucial in reducing suture complications.
  • The use of transcostal suture has been shown to reduce postoperative pain and pulmonary function compared to pericostal suture 3.

Patient-Related Factors

  • Patient-related factors, such as age, sex, and underlying medical conditions, can also contribute to suture complications.
  • Patients should be monitored for signs of infection, such as fever, redness, and drainage, and instructed on sternal precautions to prevent dehiscence during recovery, such as avoiding heavy lifting and supporting the chest when coughing.

Prevention and Management

  • The use of antibacterial agents and modern skin adhesives can also help prevent suture complications 4.
  • In cases of dehiscence, an en block approximation technique with debridement can be used to achieve successful closure 5.

References

Research

Subcuticular Suture Type at Cesarean Delivery and Infection Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology Canada : JOGC = Journal d'obstetrique et gynecologie du Canada : JOGC, 2024

Research

Comparison between two thoracotomy closure techniques: postoperative pain and pulmonary function.

Jornal brasileiro de pneumologia : publicacao oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisilogia, 2014

Research

The Surgical Suture.

Aesthetic surgery journal, 2019

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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