Acute Laryngitis: This is the most common cause of hoarseness, often resulting from a viral upper respiratory infection. The symptoms typically resolve within a few weeks, but can persist for up to a month.

Vocal Cord Nodules or Polyps: These are benign growths on the vocal cords that can cause hoarseness due to overuse or misuse of the voice. They are common in individuals who use their voice frequently, such as singers or teachers.
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Stomach acid reflux can irritate the vocal cords, leading to hoarseness. This is more likely in individuals with a history of GERD symptoms.
Allergies: Postnasal drip from allergies can irritate the vocal cords, causing hoarseness.

Laryngeal Cancer: Although rare, laryngeal cancer can present with persistent hoarseness. It is crucial to rule out this diagnosis, especially in individuals with a history of smoking or other risk factors.
Thyroid Disease: Certain thyroid conditions, such as a thyroid nodule or cancer, can cause vocal cord paralysis or irritation, leading to hoarseness.
Neurological Disorders: Conditions like Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, or a stroke can affect the nerves controlling the vocal cords, resulting in hoarseness.

Relapsing Polychondritis: A rare autoimmune disorder that can cause inflammation of the larynx and vocal cords, leading to hoarseness.
Sarcoidosis: A condition that can cause granulomas to form in the larynx, leading to hoarseness.
Vocal Cord Paralysis: A rare condition that can result from trauma, surgery, or certain medical conditions, causing hoarseness due to impaired vocal cord function.