Differential Diagnosis for Infant Unilateral Eye Redness

Single Most Likely Diagnosis

• Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction (NLDO): This is a common condition in infants, where the tear duct is blocked, leading to excessive tearing, redness, and discharge. It is often unilateral and usually resolves on its own.

Other Likely Diagnoses

• Conjunctivitis: This can be caused by a viral or bacterial infection, and is characterized by redness, discharge, and irritation of the conjunctiva. It is a common condition in infants and can be unilateral.
• Corneal Abrasion: A scratch on the cornea can cause redness, pain, and sensitivity to light. It is possible in infants, especially if they have scratched their eye or had a foreign body in their eye.
• Blepharitis: Inflammation of the eyelids can cause redness, itching, and discharge. It is less common in infants but can occur.

Do Not Miss Diagnoses

• Retinoblastoma: Although rare, this is a serious condition that can cause unilateral eye redness and vision loss. It is a type of eye cancer that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment.
• Endophthalmitis: A severe infection within the eye that can cause redness, pain, and vision loss. It is a medical emergency that requires immediate attention.
• Glaucoma: Increased pressure within the eye can cause redness, tearing, and vision loss. It is rare in infants but can occur and requires prompt treatment to prevent vision loss.

Rare Diagnoses

• Kawasaki Disease: A rare condition that can cause conjunctivitis, among other symptoms. It is an autoimmune disease that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment.
• Scleritis: Inflammation of the sclera can cause redness, pain, and sensitivity to light. It is rare in infants but can occur.
• Uveitis: Inflammation of the uvea can cause redness, pain, and sensitivity to light. It is rare in infants but can occur and requires prompt treatment to prevent vision loss.