Symptoms of Myopia (Nearsightedness)
The primary symptom of myopia is blurry distance vision, while near vision remains clear, as parallel light rays from distant objects focus at a point in front of the retina rather than on it. 1
Common Symptoms
- Blurry vision when looking at distant objects - This is the hallmark symptom of myopia
- Clear vision when looking at objects up close
- Need to squint or partially close the eyes to see clearly at a distance
- Eye strain or fatigue, especially when trying to focus on distant objects
- Headaches caused by excessive eye strain
- Difficulty seeing while driving, especially at night
- Sitting too close to the television or holding reading materials very close
Specific Visual Disturbances
- Increased myopia in low light conditions - Typically 0.50D to 1.00D more myopic than daytime vision due to increased spherical aberration and accommodation in dim light 1
- Difficulty with night driving - May require specific correction for night activities 1
- Progressive worsening of distance vision - Myopia typically appears between ages 6-12 years, with a median progression of approximately 0.50D per year 1
Advanced or High Myopia Symptoms
In cases of high myopia (typically -8.00 diopters or more), additional symptoms may develop:
- Diplopia (double vision) - Particularly at distance 2
- Large-angle ocular deviation - May present as esotropia (inward turning of the eye) with or without hypotropia (downward deviation) 2
- Limitation of ocular rotations - Such as abduction (outward movement) or elevation 2
When to Seek Medical Attention
Patients should seek ophthalmological evaluation when experiencing:
- Sudden changes in vision
- Flashes of light or new floaters
- Progressive worsening of vision despite correction
- Eye pain or severe headaches associated with visual changes
Complications of Untreated High Myopia
If left untreated, high myopia can lead to serious complications including:
- Progressive thinning of the retina and choroid
- Peripheral retinal degeneration
- Retinal detachment
- Cataracts
- Glaucoma
- Myopic choroidal neovascularization 1
Pitfalls and Caveats
- Myopia symptoms can sometimes be confused with other vision problems, so proper diagnosis by an eye care professional is essential
- Children may not recognize or report vision problems, so regular eye examinations are important for early detection
- Symptoms of myopia may be mistaken for learning difficulties or behavioral problems in school-aged children
- Overcorrection of myopia can cause excessive accommodation, leading to additional symptoms 1
Early identification and appropriate management of myopia are crucial for preventing progression and reducing the risk of associated complications that can impact quality of life and visual function.