Differential Diagnosis for 10-month-old Male with Generalized Body Rash

Single Most Likely Diagnosis

• Viral Exanthem: This is the most likely diagnosis given the age of the patient and the sudden onset of a generalized rash. Viral exanthems are common in infants and toddlers and can be caused by a variety of viruses, including coxsackievirus, echovirus, and adenovirus. The rash typically starts on the trunk and spreads to the extremities.

Other Likely Diagnoses

• Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema): This is a common condition in infants that can cause a generalized rash. It is often associated with other symptoms such as itching and dry skin.
• Contact Dermatitis: This is a type of skin inflammation that occurs when the skin comes into contact with an irritant or allergen. It can cause a generalized rash in infants, especially if they have been exposed to a new soap, lotion, or other skin care product.
• Impetigo: This is a bacterial skin infection that can cause a generalized rash. It is highly contagious and can be spread through skin-to-skin contact.

Do Not Miss Diagnoses

• Meningococcemia: This is a life-threatening condition that can cause a rash, especially in infants. The rash is typically petechial (small, pinpoint spots) and can progress to purpura (larger, bruise-like spots).
• Kawasaki Disease: This is a rare condition that can cause a rash, fever, and other symptoms in infants. It is a leading cause of acquired heart disease in children and can be fatal if left untreated.
• Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS): This is a condition caused by a staphylococcal toxin that can cause a generalized rash and skin peeling. It is more common in infants and can be life-threatening if left untreated.

Rare Diagnoses

• Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA): This is a rare condition that can cause a rash, fever, and joint inflammation in infants. It is an autoimmune disease that can be challenging to diagnose.
• Leiner's Disease: This is a rare condition that can cause a generalized rash, diarrhea, and failure to thrive in infants. It is thought to be an autoimmune disease and can be challenging to diagnose.
• Incontinentia Pigmenti: This is a rare genetic disorder that can cause a generalized rash, skin discoloration, and other symptoms in infants. It is more common in females and can be associated with other systemic symptoms.