From the Guidelines
Atrial fibrillation (AFib) is classified into several types, including paroxysmal, persistent, long-standing persistent, and permanent AFib.
Types of Atrial Fibrillation
- Paroxysmal AFib: intermittent and terminates within ≤7 days of onset 1
- Persistent AFib: continuous and sustains for >7 days and requires intervention 1
- Long-standing persistent AFib: continuous for >12 months in duration 1
- Permanent AFib: a term used when the patient and clinician make a joint decision to stop further attempts to restore and/or maintain sinus rhythm 1
- First detected AFib: the first documentation of AFib, regardless of previous symptoms 1 It is worth noting that the terms "valvular" and "nonvalvular" AFib, as well as "lone AFib", are no longer recommended for use in clinical practice 1. The classification of AFib is important for determining the appropriate treatment strategy and for estimating the risk of thromboembolism 1. In clinical practice, it is essential to distinguish between these types of AFib to provide optimal patient care 1.
From the Research
Types of Atrial Fibrillation (AFib)
Atrial fibrillation (AFib) can be classified into several types based on its duration and persistence. The main types of AFib are:
- Paroxysmal: This type of AFib is intermittent and can stop on its own within seven days 2, 3.
- Persistent: This type of AFib lasts longer than seven days and may require treatment to stop it 2, 3.
- Long-standing persistent: This type of AFib lasts for more than a year 2.
- Permanent: This type of AFib is continuous and lasts indefinitely 3.
Classification and Diagnosis
The classification of AFib is important for choosing the most suitable therapy for each patient 2. The diagnosis of AFib can be made using surface electrocardiograms (ECGs), and a novel method has been developed to discriminate between persistent and long-standing persistent AFib patients using time-frequency analysis of the surface ECG 2.
Clinical Significance
Understanding the types of AFib is crucial for clinicians to address the most suitable therapeutic approach for each patient 2. The condition is frequently associated with structural heart disease, although a substantial number of patients have no underlying disease 3. Regardless of the type or symptoms of AFib, it is notorious for potentially causing stroke and heart failure, which increase morbidity and mortality 3, 4.