Differential Diagnosis for Persistent Hoarseness of Voice
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Reflux Laryngitis: This condition is often caused by gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and is a common cause of persistent hoarseness due to the stomach acid irritating the vocal cords.
- Vocal Cord Nodules or Polyps: These are benign growths on the vocal cords that can cause hoarseness due to overuse or misuse of the voice.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Laryngitis: Inflammation of the larynx, often caused by viral or bacterial infections, can lead to hoarseness.
- Vocal Cord Paralysis: This can be caused by nerve damage, which may result from surgery, trauma, or certain medical conditions, leading to weakness or paralysis of the vocal cords.
- Thyroid Disease: Conditions such as hypothyroidism or a thyroid nodule can cause vocal cord dysfunction leading to hoarseness.
- Postnasal Drip: Chronic postnasal drip can irritate the vocal cords, leading to persistent hoarseness.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Laryngeal Cancer: Although less common, laryngeal cancer is a critical diagnosis to consider, as early detection significantly improves prognosis.
- Neurological Disorders: Conditions such as Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, or a stroke can affect the nerves controlling the vocal cords, leading to hoarseness.
- Acid Reflux with Esophageal Stricture: Severe, untreated GERD can lead to esophageal stricture, which may cause significant complications if not addressed.
Rare Diagnoses
- Relapsing Polychondritis: A rare autoimmune disorder that can cause inflammation of the cartilages, including those in the larynx, leading to hoarseness.
- Sarcoidosis: A condition that can cause inflammation in various parts of the body, including the larynx, resulting in hoarseness.
- Amyloidosis: A group of diseases that can cause abnormal protein deposits in various organs, including the larynx, potentially leading to hoarseness.
- Wegener's Granulomatosis: A rare autoimmune disorder that can cause inflammation of the blood vessels, including those in the larynx, leading to hoarseness.