Differential Diagnosis for Blood in Urine without Infection
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Kidney Stones: This is a common cause of hematuria (blood in urine) without infection. The stones can cause mechanical trauma to the urinary tract, leading to bleeding.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): Enlargement of the prostate gland can cause urinary retention, leading to bleeding. This condition is common in older men.
- Urinary Tract Injury: Trauma to the urinary tract, such as from a car accident or a fall, can cause bleeding in the urine.
- Kidney Cysts: Simple cysts or complex cysts can cause bleeding, especially if they rupture.
- Bladder Cancer: Although less common, bladder cancer can present with painless hematuria.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Renal Cell Carcinoma: A type of kidney cancer that can cause hematuria. Early detection is crucial for treatment.
- Vasculitis: Inflammation of the blood vessels, such as in conditions like Wegener's granulomatosis, can cause kidney damage and bleeding.
- Sickle Cell Disease: A genetic disorder that can cause sickling of red blood cells in the kidneys, leading to ischemia and bleeding.
- Goodpasture Syndrome: A rare autoimmune disease that can cause kidney and lung damage, presenting with hematuria.
Rare Diagnoses
- Alport Syndrome: A genetic disorder that affects the type IV collagen in the kidneys, leading to hematuria and progressive kidney disease.
- Nephrocalcinosis: A condition characterized by calcium deposits in the kidneys, which can cause bleeding.
- Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM): A rare vascular anomaly that can cause bleeding in the urinary tract.
- Endometriosis: A condition where tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus, potentially causing bleeding in the urine during menstruation.