Differential Diagnosis for Burning Face, Face Peeling, Sore Throat, and Headache

Single Most Likely Diagnosis

• Viral Exanthem (e.g., viral rash): This is a common condition that can cause a range of symptoms including a burning sensation on the skin, peeling, sore throat, and headache. It is often associated with viral infections such as influenza, mononucleosis, or enterovirus.

Other Likely Diagnoses

• Allergic Reaction: Although the question specifies no recent use of new products, it's possible that an allergic reaction to something in the environment or a food item could cause these symptoms.
• Infectious Mononucleosis: Caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, this condition can lead to sore throat, fever, and rash, which might include facial peeling and a burning sensation.
• Strep Throat: While primarily known for causing a sore throat, strep throat can sometimes be accompanied by a rash or other systemic symptoms like headache.

Do Not Miss Diagnoses

• Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) or Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS): These are severe skin conditions usually triggered by medications. They can cause widespread skin peeling, blisters, and can be life-threatening. Although the question mentions no new products, medications can sometimes be the culprit, and these conditions must be considered due to their severity.
• Meningitis: While less likely, meningitis can cause headache, fever, and sometimes a rash. It's a medical emergency that requires immediate attention.
• Lupus or Other Autoimmune Disorders: These conditions can cause a variety of symptoms including skin rashes, headaches, and sore throats. They are important to consider because of their potential for long-term morbidity.

Rare Diagnoses

• Pemphigus: A group of rare skin disorders that cause blistering of the skin and mucous membranes. It could potentially cause some of the symptoms described but is much less common.
• Kawasaki Disease: An illness that affects children and can cause fever, rash, and other symptoms. It's rare and usually affects younger children but is important to consider due to its potential for serious complications.
• Erythema Multiforme: A skin condition characterized by target lesions, which can sometimes be triggered by infections or medications. It's less common but could potentially fit some of the described symptoms.

Treatment

Treatment will depend on the diagnosis. For viral exanthems, supportive care such as rest, hydration, and over-the-counter pain relievers may be sufficient. For allergic reactions, removing the allergen and possibly using antihistamines or corticosteroids may be necessary. For bacterial infections like strep throat, antibiotics will be prescribed. Conditions like TEN/SJS, meningitis, and autoimmune disorders require immediate medical attention and potentially hospitalization for appropriate management.