Differential Diagnosis for Ulcer on Tongue
- Single most likely diagnosis
- Traumatic ulcer: This is the most common cause of ulcers on the tongue, often resulting from accidental bites, sharp teeth, or other forms of mechanical trauma. The history and location of the ulcer usually point towards this diagnosis.
- Other Likely diagnoses
- Aphthous ulcers: Also known as canker sores, these are small, painful ulcers that can appear on the tongue and other parts of the mouth. They are common and can be triggered by stress, minor mouth injury, or certain foods.
- Oral herpes (HSV-1): This viral infection can cause painful ulcers on the tongue and other areas of the mouth. It's highly contagious and can be triggered by stress, sunlight, or other factors.
- Minor oral infections: Bacterial or fungal infections can cause ulcers on the tongue, especially in individuals with poor oral hygiene or compromised immune systems.
- Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.)
- Oral cancer: Although less common, ulcers on the tongue can be a sign of oral cancer, particularly if they are persistent, grow in size, or are accompanied by other symptoms like difficulty swallowing or a lump in the neck. Early detection is crucial for effective treatment.
- Syphilis: This sexually transmitted infection can cause ulcers on the tongue during its primary stage. Missing this diagnosis can lead to serious complications if left untreated.
- Tuberculosis: Oral tuberculosis is rare but can cause ulcers on the tongue. It's essential to consider this diagnosis, especially in individuals with a history of tuberculosis or those who are immunocompromised.
- Rare diagnoses
- Erythema multiforme: A rare skin condition that can cause ulcers on the tongue and other mucous membranes, often in response to an infection or medication.
- Pemphigus: A group of rare skin disorders that can cause blistering of the skin and mucous membranes, including the tongue.
- Behçet's disease: A rare disorder that causes blood vessel inflammation throughout the body, leading to symptoms like oral ulcers, genital ulcers, and eye inflammation.