Asthma: This condition often presents with nocturnal symptoms due to the natural circadian rhythm of cortisol and the increased exposure to allergens and irritants at night, leading to bronchospasm and cough.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Stomach acid reflux can trigger coughing, especially when lying down at night, as gravity no longer helps keep the stomach contents down.
Allergic Rhinitis: Postnasal drip from allergies can irritate the throat, leading to a dry cough that worsens at night due to increased mucus production when lying down.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Similar to asthma, COPD can cause a chronic cough that may worsen at night due to increased airway resistance and secretions.

Heart Failure: Congestive heart failure can lead to pulmonary edema, causing a dry cough that worsens when lying down (orthopnea). Missing this diagnosis could be fatal.
Pulmonary Embolism: Although less common, a pulmonary embolism can cause sudden onset of a dry cough, among other symptoms like chest pain and shortness of breath, and is a medical emergency.
Lung Cancer: A persistent cough, especially one that worsens at night, can be a symptom of lung cancer. Early detection is crucial for treatment outcomes.

Vocal Cord Dysfunction: This condition can mimic asthma and cause coughing and wheezing, especially at night, due to abnormal vocal cord movement.
Eosinophilic Esophagitis: An allergic inflammatory condition of the esophagus that can cause nocturnal coughing among other symptoms like dysphagia.
Habit Cough: A psychological condition where the cough is a habit and can occur at any time, including predominantly at night, often in the absence of any identifiable organic cause.