What is the characteristic of acquired glomerular disease: linked to chromosome abnormality, not associated with inflammation, associated with inflammation, or a result of systemic abnormalities such as diabetes (Diabetes Mellitus) and hypertension (High Blood Pressure)?

From the Guidelines

Acquired glomerular disease is associated with inflammation and is a result of systemic abnormalities such as diabetes and hypertension. Acquired glomerular diseases develop after birth due to various factors including immune-mediated processes, infections, metabolic disorders, and vascular diseases. Inflammation is a key component in many acquired glomerular diseases, such as post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, lupus nephritis, and IgA nephropathy, where immune complexes deposit in the glomeruli and trigger inflammatory responses 1. Additionally, systemic conditions like diabetes and hypertension are major causes of acquired glomerular damage, as highlighted in a recent study published in the Mayo Clinic Proceedings 1. In diabetic nephropathy, chronic hyperglycemia leads to glomerular basement membrane thickening and mesangial expansion, while hypertension causes pressure-related injury to glomeruli. Some key characteristics of acquired glomerular disease include:

• Involvement of immune-mediated processes
• Association with systemic conditions like diabetes and hypertension
• Inflammation as a key component
• Development after birth due to various factors Unlike congenital forms, acquired glomerular diseases are not linked to chromosome abnormalities, which are typically associated with genetic or hereditary kidney disorders present from birth 1. The inflammatory processes in acquired glomerular disease often involve complement activation, cytokine release, and leukocyte infiltration, which contribute to progressive kidney damage if not properly managed. Recent guidelines, such as the KDIGO 2021 clinical practice guideline for the management of glomerular diseases, emphasize the importance of early detection and management of acquired glomerular disease to prevent progression and improve patient outcomes 1.

From the Research

Characteristics of Acquired Glomerular Disease

The characteristic of acquired glomerular disease can be linked to various factors, including:

• Systemic abnormalities such as diabetes (Diabetes Mellitus) and hypertension (High Blood Pressure) 2, 3, 4, 5
• Not associated with inflammation, although some studies suggest that inflammation may play a role in the progression of glomerular disease 4
• Associated with inflammation, as some glomerular diseases are characterized by immune-mediated mechanisms 3, 6
• Not directly linked to chromosome abnormality, although some congenital abnormalities may contribute to glomerular disease 4, 5

Systemic Abnormalities

Systemic abnormalities such as diabetes and hypertension are major contributors to acquired glomerular disease:

• Diabetes can cause injury to both glomerular and tubular compartments, leading to kidney dysfunction over time 2
• Hypertension can lead to glomerular hypertension and hyperfiltration, causing damage to the glomeruli 3, 5
• Other factors like genetics, lifestyle habits, and reduced renal mass can also contribute to the development and progression of glomerular disease 2, 4, 5

Inflammation and Immune-Mediated Mechanisms

Some glomerular diseases are characterized by immune-mediated mechanisms and inflammation:

• Immune-mediated mechanisms can play a role in the pathogenesis of hypertension in glomerular diseases 3
• Inflammation can contribute to the progression of glomerular disease, although the exact mechanisms are not fully understood 4, 6