Chronic Bronchitis: This is often the most common cause of a productive cough, especially in smokers or those with a history of smoking. The chronic inflammation of the bronchial tubes leads to excessive mucus production.

Acute Bronchitis: Usually follows a viral upper respiratory infection, leading to inflammation of the bronchial tubes and a productive cough.
Pneumonia: An infection of the lungs that can cause a productive cough, often with fever, chills, and shortness of breath.
Asthma: Can cause a productive cough, especially if associated with chronic inflammation and mucus production in the airways.
Allergic Rhinitis: Postnasal drip from allergies can lead to a productive cough, as mucus drips down the back of the throat and is coughed up.

Lung Cancer: Although less common, lung cancer can present with a persistent productive cough, especially in smokers. Early detection is crucial for treatment.
Tuberculosis (TB): A bacterial infection that can cause a chronic productive cough, often with systemic symptoms like fever, night sweats, and weight loss.
Pulmonary Embolism: While typically presenting with sudden onset of dyspnea, a productive cough can occasionally be a symptom, especially if there is associated pneumonia or lung infarction.
Cystic Fibrosis: An inherited disorder that causes severe damage to the lungs, digestive system, and other organs in the body, often presenting with a chronic productive cough.

Bronchiectasis: A condition where the airways of the lungs become abnormally widened, leading to a chronic productive cough.
Aspiration Pneumonia: Can occur when food, liquids, vomit, or saliva is inhaled into the lungs, leading to a productive cough.
Sarcoidosis: An inflammatory disease that affects multiple organs in the body, but can cause a productive cough if it affects the lungs.
Fungal Infections: Such as histoplasmosis or cryptococcosis, which can cause a productive cough, especially in immunocompromised individuals.