From the Guidelines
Buffered dextrose is a medical solution that combines dextrose (a form of sugar) with buffering agents to maintain a specific pH level, typically containing dextrose (glucose) mixed with sodium citrate, citric acid, or other buffering compounds.
Definition and Composition
Buffered dextrose solutions are used for intravenous (IV) administration to provide patients with both hydration and calories while maintaining appropriate blood pH. The buffering component helps prevent the solution from becoming too acidic when metabolized, which is particularly important for patients with metabolic disorders or those at risk for acid-base imbalances 1.
Clinical Use
Buffered dextrose solutions come in various concentrations (such as 5%, 10%, or 50% dextrose) depending on the clinical need. Healthcare providers select the appropriate concentration based on the patient's condition, with higher concentrations used when more calories are needed in a smaller volume. The buffering agents make this solution gentler on veins compared to unbuffered dextrose, reducing the risk of vein irritation during administration 1.
Administration and Monitoring
This solution is commonly used in hospital settings for patients who cannot take nutrition orally or require supplemental calories. It is essential to monitor blood glucose levels closely, especially in patients with diabetes or those at risk for hypoglycemia, as buffered dextrose can cause a rapid increase in blood glucose levels 1.
Key Considerations
- Buffered dextrose solutions are preferred over unbuffered dextrose due to their gentler effect on veins and reduced risk of acid-base imbalances.
- The choice of concentration depends on the patient's clinical needs, with higher concentrations used for patients requiring more calories in a smaller volume.
- Close monitoring of blood glucose levels is crucial to avoid hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia, especially in patients with diabetes or those at risk for glucose imbalances.
From the Research
Definition of Buffered Dextrose (Glucose)
- Buffered dextrose, also known as glucose, is a type of sugar used to treat hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
- It is commonly administered intravenously in emergency situations to rapidly increase blood glucose levels.
Concentrations of Dextrose
- Dextrose is available in various concentrations, including 10%, 25%, and 50% solutions 4, 5.
- The choice of concentration depends on the severity of hypoglycemia and the patient's individual needs.
Administration of Dextrose
- Dextrose can be administered orally or intravenously, depending on the patient's level of consciousness and ability to swallow 3, 6.
- Intravenous administration is typically used in emergency situations where rapid glucose replacement is necessary.
Efficacy of Dextrose
- Studies have shown that dextrose is effective in treating hypoglycemia and improving blood glucose levels 2, 3, 4, 5.
- The efficacy of dextrose may vary depending on the concentration and method of administration.