Differential Diagnosis for Middle Finger Swelling and Pain

Single Most Likely Diagnosis

• Trauma or Injury: The most common cause of finger swelling and pain is a traumatic injury, such as a bruise, sprain, or fracture. This is often due to direct blows, falls, or sports injuries.

Other Likely Diagnoses

• Infection (Paronychia or Felon): Bacterial infections of the finger, such as paronychia (infection around the nail) or felon (infection of the fingertip pad), can cause swelling, pain, and sometimes pus.
• Arthritis (Osteoarthritis or Rheumatoid Arthritis): Various forms of arthritis can affect the fingers, leading to swelling, pain, and stiffness, especially in the morning or after periods of inactivity.
• Gout: Gout is a form of arthritis characterized by sudden, severe attacks of pain, swelling, redness, and tenderness, often occurring at the base of the big toe but can also affect other fingers.

Do Not Miss Diagnoses

• Compartment Syndrome: A serious condition resulting from increased pressure within a confined space in the body, which can lead to nerve and muscle damage. It requires immediate medical attention.
• Osteomyelitis: A bone infection that can cause pain, swelling, and redness. If left untreated, it can lead to serious complications.
• Septic Arthritis: A bacterial infection within a joint, which is a medical emergency requiring prompt treatment to prevent joint destruction.

Rare Diagnoses

• Giant Cell Tumor of the Tendon Sheath: A rare, benign tumor that can cause swelling and pain in the fingers.
• Sarcoidosis: A condition that can cause inflammation in various parts of the body, including the fingers, leading to swelling and pain.
• Erythromelalgia: A rare disorder characterized by burning pain, heat, and redness in the hands and feet, which can also cause swelling.