Differential Diagnosis for Enlarged Testicle
The following differential diagnosis is organized into categories to help guide the thought process:
- Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Hydrocele: A fluid-filled sac surrounding the testicle, which is a common cause of testicular enlargement. It is usually painless and can be diagnosed with ultrasound.
- Other Likely Diagnoses
- Epididymitis: Inflammation of the epididymis, often caused by bacterial infection, which can lead to testicular swelling and pain.
- Orchitis: Inflammation of the testicle itself, often caused by viral or bacterial infection, which can cause pain, swelling, and enlargement of the testicle.
- Varicocele: An enlargement of the veins within the scrotum, similar to varicose veins, which can cause testicular swelling and discomfort.
- Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Testicular Torsion: A medical emergency where the spermatic cord becomes twisted, cutting off blood supply to the testicle. It requires immediate attention to save the testicle.
- Testicular Cancer: Although less common, testicular cancer can present with a painless testicular enlargement. Early detection is crucial for effective treatment.
- Rare Diagnoses
- Spermatocele: A cystic structure filled with sperm, which can cause a painless lump on the testicle.
- Cystic dysplasia of the testis: A rare congenital condition where the testis is replaced by multiple cysts, leading to testicular enlargement.
- Filariasis: In areas where filariasis is endemic, it can cause testicular swelling due to parasitic infection.
Each diagnosis has a brief justification based on common causes and clinical presentations of an enlarged testicle. The categorization helps prioritize the most likely and critical diagnoses.