Differential Diagnosis for Redness and Inflammation around the Tympanic Membrane

• Single most likely diagnosis:
  • Otitis externa: This condition, also known as swimmer's ear, is an inflammation of the outer ear and ear canal. It is often caused by bacterial or fungal infections and can lead to redness, swelling, and discomfort around the tympanic membrane, making it a likely cause for the symptoms described.
• Other Likely diagnoses:
  • Otitis media: An infection of the middle ear, which can cause inflammation and redness around the tympanic membrane due to the spread of infection or inflammation from the middle ear to the outer ear.
  • Eczema or dermatitis: Skin conditions that can cause redness and inflammation, potentially affecting the area around the tympanic membrane if the condition is severe or if the individual scratches the area, introducing bacteria.
  • Trauma or injury: Physical damage to the ear can lead to redness and inflammation around the tympanic membrane, either from direct injury to the outer ear or from complications such as infection following the trauma.
• Do Not Miss diagnoses:
  • Malignant otitis externa: A severe form of otitis externa that can spread to the skull base and is more common in diabetic or immunocompromised patients. It requires prompt and aggressive treatment to prevent serious complications.
  • Mastoiditis: An infection of the mastoid bone, which is located behind the ear and contains air spaces that connect to the middle ear. If left untreated, mastoiditis can lead to serious complications, including brain infections.
• Rare diagnoses:
  • Relapsing polychondritis: A rare autoimmune disorder that can cause inflammation of the cartilage in the ears, among other areas, leading to redness and swelling.
  • Sarcoidosis: A condition that can cause inflammation in various parts of the body, including the ears, though ear involvement is rare. It might lead to symptoms similar to those described if it affects the area around the tympanic membrane.