What is the recommended diet for hyperthyroidism?

Dietary Recommendations for Hyperthyroidism

For patients with hyperthyroidism, a diet that limits iodine intake while ensuring adequate nutrition is strongly recommended to support thyroid function management.

Iodine Restriction

• Limit iodine intake to avoid exacerbating hyperthyroid symptoms, as excess iodine can precipitate or worsen hyperthyroidism in susceptible individuals 1
• Avoid high-iodine foods such as:
  • Iodized salt (use non-iodized salt instead) 1
  • Seaweed and kelp products (extremely high in iodine) 1, 2
  • Seafood, especially shellfish 3
  • Dairy products (moderate to high iodine content) 3
  • Iodine-containing supplements 1

Nutrient-Rich Foods to Include

• Consume a diet rich in:
  • Fresh fruits and vegetables (especially those low in iodine) 3
  • Whole grains and high-fiber foods to support overall health 3
  • Lean proteins (avoiding high-iodine seafood) 3
  • Adequate calcium sources to protect bone health, as hyperthyroidism increases risk of osteoporosis 4, 5

Specific Dietary Components

• Selenium-rich foods: Brazil nuts, sunflower seeds, and fish may help support thyroid function 2, 6
• Zinc-containing foods: Legumes, nuts, and seeds can be beneficial for thyroid health 2, 6
• Antioxidant-rich foods: Colorful fruits and vegetables help combat oxidative stress associated with hyperthyroidism 6
• Vitamin D and calcium: Important for bone health, as hyperthyroidism increases risk of bone loss 4, 5

Hydration and Caloric Intake

• Maintain adequate hydration as hyperthyroidism can cause increased fluid loss 4
• Increase caloric intake appropriately to compensate for the higher metabolic rate associated with hyperthyroidism 4, 5
• Consider smaller, more frequent meals if experiencing increased appetite or weight loss 5

Foods to Limit or Avoid

• Caffeine and stimulants: May worsen symptoms like anxiety, tremors, and palpitations 4
• Highly processed foods: Often contain hidden sources of iodine and sodium 1
• Alcohol: May interfere with thyroid medication absorption and liver metabolism 5

Special Considerations

• Monitor for potential nutrient deficiencies, especially in severe hyperthyroidism where increased metabolism may deplete nutrients more rapidly 6
• If taking anti-thyroid medications, be aware that certain foods may interact with medication effectiveness 5
• Consider consulting with a registered dietitian for personalized dietary guidance based on the severity of hyperthyroidism 6

Monitoring and Adjustments

• Regular monitoring of thyroid function tests will help determine if dietary modifications are having the desired effect 4
• Urinary iodine concentration can be measured to assess total iodine intake and adjust dietary recommendations accordingly 1
• Thyroid antibody levels may help guide the intensity of dietary restrictions in autoimmune hyperthyroidism (Graves' disease) 5

Common Pitfalls to Avoid

• Avoid extreme iodine restriction, as some iodine is still necessary for normal bodily functions (aim for moderation rather than elimination) 3
• Don't eliminate entire food groups without professional guidance, as this may lead to nutritional deficiencies 2
• Be cautious with "thyroid health" supplements, as many contain iodine or ingredients that may worsen hyperthyroidism 2
• Remember that dietary changes should complement, not replace, medical treatment for hyperthyroidism 4, 5