How do I explain X-ray (XR) findings to a patient?

How to Explain X-ray Findings to Patients

When explaining X-ray findings to patients, use simple language tailored to the patient's educational level, avoid medical jargon, and check for understanding throughout the conversation. 1

Preparing for the Conversation

• Sit down, make eye contact, and maintain a calm demeanor to foster trust and collaboration 1
• Review the X-ray images and relevant clinical information before meeting with the patient 1
• Consider the patient's emotional state and readiness to receive information 1
• Orient yourself to what the patient already knows and what concerns they have about their condition 1

Effective Communication Strategies

Setting the Stage

• Introduce yourself and your role in the patient's care 1
• Begin by asking what the patient already understands about why the X-ray was ordered 1
• Orient the patient to what you're going to discuss (e.g., "I have the results of your chest X-ray and I'd like to go over them with you") 1

Explaining the Findings

• Use simple, non-technical language and avoid medical jargon 1
• Provide information in small chunks, pausing frequently to check understanding 1
• When showing images to patients:
  • Point out normal anatomy first to provide context 1
  • Clearly identify and explain abnormal findings using everyday comparisons 1
  • Use mixed framing (e.g., explaining both positive and concerning aspects) 1

For Concerning Findings

• Express solidarity (e.g., "I wish I had better news") 1
• Give information clearly and succinctly 1
• Pause after delivering concerning news to allow the patient to absorb the information 1
• Respond empathically to patient emotions 1
• Avoid minimizing findings or changing the subject to reduce patient distress 1

Checking Understanding

• Use the "teach-back" method by asking patients to explain in their own words what they understand 1
• Ask specific questions like "What will you tell your family about what we discussed today?" 1
• Address any misconceptions or concerns immediately 1

Addressing Patient Emotions

• Acknowledge and name emotions you observe (e.g., "You seem worried about these results") 1
• Use supportive statements that emphasize partnership (e.g., "We'll work together to address these findings") 1
• If the patient becomes highly emotional, consider pausing the information delivery until they can better process it 1

Concluding the Conversation

• Summarize the key findings and next steps 1
• Affirm your commitment to supporting the patient 1
• Assure the patient that you're available to answer future questions 1
• Document important discussions in the medical record 1

Common Pitfalls to Avoid

• Overwhelming patients with too much technical information at once 1
• Using medical terminology without explanation 1
• Failing to check for understanding throughout the conversation 1
• Not addressing the emotional impact of findings 1
• Rushing through explanations due to time constraints 1

By following these guidelines, you can effectively communicate X-ray findings to patients in a way that promotes understanding, addresses concerns, and strengthens the doctor-patient relationship.