From the Research
Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) or photobiomodulation (PBM) shows promise as a treatment option for alopecia areata, though it's not considered a first-line treatment, and its efficacy is supported by the most recent study from 2024 1. The therapy uses low-level laser light in the red spectrum (typically 630-670 nm wavelength) to stimulate hair follicles, increase blood circulation to the scalp, and reduce inflammation that may contribute to hair loss. For alopecia areata patients, treatment typically involves sessions of 20-30 minutes, 3-5 times per week for at least 3-6 months to see results. Devices include in-office laser panels, at-home helmets, caps, combs, or bands with prices ranging from $300-$1000 for personal devices. While some patients experience regrowth, results vary significantly between individuals, and the therapy works best for mild to moderate cases. Red light therapy is generally considered safe with minimal side effects, mainly temporary eye strain if proper eye protection isn't used. It may be more effective when combined with traditional treatments like topical corticosteroids (such as clobetasol 0.05% applied twice daily), intralesional steroid injections, or immunotherapies. The mechanism involves photobiomodulation, where the light energy is absorbed by cellular chromophores, particularly in the mitochondria, potentially stimulating ATP production and reducing oxidative stress in the hair follicles. Some studies have shown that the 308-nm excimer laser is a safe and effective treatment for men, women, and children with refractory AA of the scalp and beard 2. However, more data is needed to determine the efficacy of LLLT and fractional laser therapy in the treatment of AA. In terms of specific treatment protocols, a review of monochromatic light devices for the treatment of alopecia areata found that eight clinical trials and two case reports demonstrated hair regrowth with the 308-nm excimer laser/light in men, women, and children 2. Overall, the current evidence suggests that LLLT or PBM may be a useful adjunct to traditional treatments for alopecia areata, but further studies are needed to fully understand its efficacy and optimal treatment protocols 3, 1.