What is the treatment for recurrent Aphthous (canker sore) ulcers?

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Last updated: March 24, 2025View editorial policy

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From the Research

Recurrent aphthous ulcers (canker sores) can be effectively treated with a low-dose prednisolone bilayer mucoadhesive buccal film, which promotes healing and reduces treatment duration. This treatment approach is supported by a study published in 2017 1, which demonstrated that a bilayer mucoadhesive film containing 1mg of prednisolone sodium phosphate can heal ulcers within 4-5 days with once daily treatment.

Treatment Options

The treatment of recurrent aphthous ulcers depends on the severity of the condition. For mild cases, topical treatments such as benzocaine gel or antimicrobial mouth rinses containing chlorhexidine 0.12% can provide temporary pain relief and reduce secondary infection. Topical corticosteroids like triamcinolone acetonide dental paste can also be applied directly to ulcers to speed healing.

Systemic Interventions

For moderate to severe cases, oral medications such as colchicine or low-dose prednisone may be necessary. However, a study published in 2012 2 found insufficient evidence to support or refute the use of any systemic intervention for recurrent aphthous stomatitis, highlighting the need for further research.

Preventive Measures

Preventive measures such as avoiding trigger foods, using soft-bristled toothbrushes, and applying protective pastes containing sucralfate can also help prevent irritation and recurrence of ulcers. Vitamin supplements, particularly B12, zinc, and folic acid, can help prevent recurrence in deficient patients.

Quality of Life

The treatment of recurrent aphthous ulcers should prioritize reducing pain, lessening functional impairment, and lowering the frequency and severity of recurrences, ultimately improving the patient's quality of life. A study published in 2014 3 emphasized the importance of tailored treatment approaches based on the severity of the condition and individual patient needs.

Recent Evidence

The most recent and highest quality study on this topic, published in 2017 1, provides strong evidence for the effectiveness of low-dose prednisolone bilayer mucoadhesive buccal film in promoting healing and reducing treatment duration for recurrent aphthous ulcers. This study supports the use of this treatment approach in clinical practice, prioritizing morbidity, mortality, and quality of life as the primary outcomes.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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