Differential Diagnosis for Cervicalgia and Headache
- Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Cervicogenic headache: This is the most likely diagnosis as cervicalgia (neck pain) is often associated with headaches that originate from the cervical spine. The pain typically radiates from the neck to the head, and movements of the neck can exacerbate the headache.
- Other Likely Diagnoses
- Tension headache: Tension headaches are common and can be associated with neck pain. They are often described as a band-like pressure around the head and can be exacerbated by stress and poor posture.
- Migraine: Migraines can present with neck pain and are often accompanied by other symptoms such as photophobia, phonophobia, and nausea. The neck pain can precede the headache or occur during the headache phase.
- Occipital neuralgia: This condition involves inflammation of the occipital nerves, which can cause pain in the neck and headache. The pain is typically sharp and stabbing, and can be exacerbated by movements of the neck.
- Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Subarachnoid hemorrhage: Although rare, a subarachnoid hemorrhage can present with sudden onset headache and neck pain. It is a medical emergency that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment.
- Meningitis: Meningitis is an infection of the meninges, which can cause headache, neck stiffness, and fever. It is a serious condition that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment.
- Cervical spine fracture or instability: A fracture or instability of the cervical spine can cause neck pain and headache, and can be a medical emergency if not promptly diagnosed and treated.
- Rare Diagnoses
- Temporomandibular joint disorder: Although not typically associated with cervicalgia, temporomandibular joint disorder can cause referred pain to the neck and head.
- Cranial arteritis: This is an inflammation of the blood vessels in the head, which can cause headache and neck pain. It is more common in older adults and can be associated with other symptoms such as jaw claudication and visual disturbances.
- Cervical spine infection: Infections such as osteomyelitis or discitis can cause neck pain and headache, and are often associated with other symptoms such as fever and chills.